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1、卡尔曼滤波-最佳的线性滤波器
2022-07-04 07:42:00 【C--G】
- 状态转移
通过物理公式我们可以得知下一状态小车的位置、速度,但是实际中,噪声对结果有影响,x^是在噪声影响下的值,通常使用协方差矩阵表示噪声
- 协方差矩阵
一维
一维情况下,我们使用数据中心值和方差表示噪声情况,即高斯分布
二维
在二维空间,如果两个噪声没有关联可用图一表示,当噪声间有正向或反向关联时,则使用图二、图三表示,在图二、三中,我们使用方差、协方差表示噪声间关系,其中11 22 表示方差,12 12 表示协方差
- 噪声协方差矩阵的传递
由于协方差矩阵传递过程中也存在误差,所以Q表示预测模型本身带来的噪声,p表示了不确定性在各个时刻之间的传递关系
观察矩阵
观测矩阵也是有噪声的,用V表示状态更新
Xt = Ft * Xt-1 + Bt * Ut
在这里,Wk为预测误差,Vk为测量误差
X^k-1 为上一时刻的估计值,Xk为当前时刻的估计值,由于Xk-1估计存在误差,那么基于Xk-1的Xk误差更大。
Yk为当前测量值,也存在误差,为了获得更准确的位置,使X^k * Yk获取新的估计值
- 更新
- 例子
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