Tyut Taiyuan University of technology 2022 introduction to software engineering

There are only two short answer questions this time , Every way 5 branch , And the examination direction has been determined （ One is structured programming , One is object-oriented method ）, So we just need to recite it pertinently , There is no need to memorize everything in the question bank .

I don't know what to take , But the following summary is definitely not tested , The exam will not be so complicated , Exclude the following summary , Go to other places to find the answer

Type 1 Structured programming

1、 What is structured programming ？ Structured programming adopts several control structures ？

Structural programming ： It is a technology of designing program , It adopts the design method of top-down and gradual refinement and the control structure of single inlet and single outlet . The order , choice , loop .

2、 What are the structured requirements analysis and description tools ？

Data flow diagram （DFD）、 The data dictionary （DD）、 Decision table 、 Decision tree 、 Structured language （PDL）、 Hierarchical block diagram 、Warnier chart 、IPO chart 、 The control flow chart （CFD）、 Control description （CSPEC）、 State transition diagram （STD）、E-R chart

3、

Type 2 Object oriented methods

1、 When developing software with object-oriented method , What three forms of models are usually needed ？

（1） An object model that describes the data structure of a system .（2） A dynamic model describing the control structure of the system .（3） Functional model describing system functions .

2、 What are the characteristics of object-oriented methods ？

（1） The objective world is composed of various objects .

（2） All objects are divided into various object classes , Each object class defines a set of data and a set of methods .

（3） According to the relationship between subclass and parent , A hierarchical system consisting of several object classes .

（4） Objects can only communicate with each other by passing messages .

3、 Characteristics of the object ？

（1） Data centric .（2） The object is active .（3） Data encapsulation is realized .（4） Essentially parallel .

（5） Good module independence .

4、 What are the definitions of objects ？

（1） An object is a collection of operations with the same state .

（2） Object is the encapsulation of attribute values and operations .

（3） object ：：=<ID,MS,DS,MI>  ID： Is the identification or name of the object   MS Is a collection of operations in an object

        DS： Is the data structure of the object     MI ： Is a collection of message names accepted by the object

5、 class —&— The relationship between objects can be summarized as three ？

（1） Inductive relationship ： It reflects the classification relationship between a class and several incompatible subclasses .

（2） synthetic relation ： It reflects the constitutive relationship between objects .

（3） Connections ： Reflect the interdependence between objects 、 Interaction relationship .

6、 What are the main advantages of object-oriented methods ？

（1） Consistent with human habitual way of thinking .

（2） Good stability .（3） Good reusability .（4） Good maintainability .

7、 Tools for object-oriented analysis and modeling （ graphics ） What are they? ？

Use case diagram 、 Class diagram （ Object graph ）、 Object graph 、E-R chart 、 Sequence diagram （ Event trajectory ）、 State transition diagram （STD）

8、 In object-oriented analysis , What are the main static relationships between classes and objects ？

relation 、 Gather 、 generalization 、 rely on

9、 Object oriented analysis stage of software system , What kinds of models are mainly established ? What is the role of each model ？

1. Use case model ： Describe the system from the perspective of user requirements , Indicates that the system should “ What do you do ”. Directly reflect users' needs for the target system , Describe the transformation process of data in the system and the function of the system
2. The object model ： A description of the static structure of the objects in the simulated world and the relationships between them , It provides a substantial framework for establishing dynamic models and use case models
3. dynamic model ： It is necessary to examine the functional behavior of the object
4. Physical implementation model ： The physical composition of the system implementation is expressed from the perspective of the implementation subsystem and implementation elements