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PHP 基础篇 - PHP 中 DES 加解密详解
2022-07-05 01:25:00 【狂野小青年】
一、简介
DES 是对称性加密里面常见一种,全称为 Data Encryption Standard,即数据加密标准,是一种使用密钥加密的块算法。密钥长度是64位(bit),超过位数密钥被忽略。所谓对称性加密即加密和解密密钥相同,对称性加密一般会按照固定长度,把待加密字符串分成块,不足一整块或者刚好最后有特殊填充字符。
跨语言做 DES 加密解密经常会出现问题,往往是填充方式不对、编码不一致或者加密解密模式没有对应上造成。
- 填充模式:pkcs5、pkcs7、iso10126、ansix923、zero。
- 加密模式:DES-ECB、DES-CBC、DES-CTR、DES-OFB、DES-CFB。
- 输出类型:无编码,base64编码,hex编码。
作为一个软件开发者,可以通过工具测试 DES 加密解密,这里推荐一个在线工具:http://tool.chacuo.net/cryptdes
二、实现
PHP 提供了 Mcrypt 系列函数来实现 DES 的加解密,但该扩展中的函数陆续被废弃,自 PHP 7.2.0 起,会移到 PECL。
所以本代码用了更通用的 OPENSSL 方式实现 DES 的加解密,具体的实现和使用代码如下:
<?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* Title:DES加解密类
* User: Wanzhou Chen
* Date: 2022/04/24
* Time: 22:00
*/
namespace crypt;
class DES
{
const OUTPUT_NULL = '';
const OUTPUT_BASE64 = 'base64';
const OUTPUT_HEX = 'hex';
/**
* @var string $method 加解密方法,可通过 openssl_get_cipher_methods() 获得
*/
protected $method;
/**
* @var string $key 加解密的密钥
*/
protected $key;
/**
* @var string $output 输出格式 无、base64、hex
*/
protected $output;
/**
* @var string $iv 加解密的向量
*/
protected $iv;
/**
* @var string $options
*/
protected $options;
/**
* DES constructor.
* @param string $key
* @param string $method
* ECB: DES-ECB、DES-EDE3 (为 ECB 模式时,$iv 为空即可)
* CBC: DES-CBC、DES-EDE3-CBC、DESX-CBC
* CFB: DES-CFB8、DES-EDE3-CFB8
* CTR
* OFB
*
* @param string $output
* base64、hex
*
* @param string $iv
* @param int $options
*/
public function __construct($key, $method = 'DES-ECB', $output = self::OUTPUT_NULL, $iv = '', $options = OPENSSL_RAW_DATA | OPENSSL_NO_PADDING)
{
$this->key = $key;
$this->method = $method;
$this->output = $output;
$this->iv = $iv;
$this->options = $options;
}
/**
* 加密
*
* @param $str
* @return string
*/
public function encrypt($str)
{
$str = $this->padding($str, 8);
$sign = openssl_encrypt($str, $this->method, $this->key, $this->options, $this->iv);
if ($this->output == self::OUTPUT_BASE64) {
$sign = base64_encode($sign);
} else if ($this->output == self::OUTPUT_HEX) {
$sign = bin2hex($sign);
}
return $sign;
}
/**
* 填充
*
* @param $str
* @param $blockSize
* @return string
* @internal param $blocksize
*/
private function padding($str, $blockSize)
{
$pad = $blockSize - (strlen($str) % $blockSize);
return $str . str_repeat(chr($pad), $pad);
}
/**
* 解密
*
* @param $encrypted
* @return string
*/
public function decrypt($encrypted)
{
if ($this->output == self::OUTPUT_BASE64) {
$encrypted = base64_decode($encrypted);
} else if ($this->output == self::OUTPUT_HEX) {
$encrypted = hex2bin($encrypted);
}
$sign = @openssl_decrypt($encrypted, $this->method, $this->key, $this->options, $this->iv);
$sign = $this->unPadding($sign);
$sign = rtrim($sign);
return $sign;
}
/**
* 去填充
*
* @param $str
* @return string
*/
private function unPadding($str)
{
$pad = ord($str{strlen($str) - 1});
if ($pad > strlen($str)) {
return false;
}
return substr($str, 0, -1 * $pad);
}
}
类调用
$key = 'key123456';
$iv = 'iv123456';
// DES CBC 加解密
$des = new DES($key, 'DES-CBC', DES::OUTPUT_BASE64, $iv);
echo $base64Sign = $des->encrypt('Hello DES CBC');
echo "\n";
echo $des->decrypt($base64Sign);
echo "\n";
// DES ECB 加解密
$des = new DES($key, 'DES-ECB', DES::OUTPUT_HEX);
echo $base64Sign = $des->encrypt('Hello DES ECB');
echo "\n";
echo $des->decrypt($base64Sign);
三、相关链接
1.DES 加解密工具: http://tool.chacuo.net/cryptdes
Mcrypt 官方文档: http://php.net/manual/zh/book.mcrypt.php
OPENSSL 加解密函数官方文档:
openssl_encrypt: http://php.net/manual/zh/function.openssl-encrypt.php
openssl_decrypt: http://php.net/manual/zh/function.openssl-decrypt.php
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