Architecture introduction

Translated from ：https://tianpan.co/notes/145-introduction-to-architecture

Architecture is the shape of a software system . Think of it as a panoramic view of a physical building .

• Examples are bricks .
• The design principle is room .
• Components are buildings .

Together they are used for specific purposes , For example, hospitals are used to cure patients , Schools are used to educate students .

 

Why do we need architecture ？ 

Behavior and structure  

Each software system provides stakeholders with two different values ： Behavior and structure . It is the responsibility of software developers to ensure that these two values are high .

With its job description , Software architects focus more on the structure of the system , Instead of functions and features .

 

ultimate objective -  Save the cost of human resources for each function  

Architecture serves the whole life cycle of software system , To make it easy to understand , Development , test , Deployment and operation . The goal is to minimize the human resource cost of each business use case .

mark · Richards （Mark Richards） Written O'Reilly Work 《 Software architecture pattern 》 It is a simple and effective introduction to these five basic architectures .

1. Layered architecture  

Layered architecture is the most common in adoption , It is well known among developers , Therefore, it is the actual standard of application . If you don't know which architecture to use , Please use it .

 

Example

• TCP / IP Model ： Application layer > Transport layer > The Internet layer > Network access layer
• Facebook TAO：Web layer > Cache layer （ followers + The leader ）> Database layer

Pros and cons

• advantage
  • Easy to use
  • Separation of responsibilities
  • Testability
• shortcoming
  • monolithic
    • Difficult to adjust , Expand or update . You must make changes to all layers .

 

2. Event driven architecture  

A state change will send an event to the system . All components communicate with each other through events .

 

A simple project can put a mediator , Event queues and channels are combined . Then we get a simplified architecture ：

 

Example

• QT： Signals and slots
• Payment infrastructure ： Bank gateways usually have high latency , Therefore, they adopt asynchronous technology in the architecture design .

 

3. Microkernel architecture （ Also known as plug-in architecture ） 

The responsibilities of the software are divided into “ The core ” And multiple “ plug-in unit ”. The core contains minimal functionality . Plug ins are independent of each other , And implement shared interfaces to achieve different goals .

 

Example

• Visual Studio Code,Eclipse
• MINIX operating system

 

4. Microservice architecture  

Large systems are decoupled from multiple microservices , Each microservice is a separately deployed unit , They use RPC Mutual communication .

 

Example

• Uber： see also Design Uber
• Cleverly

 

5. Space based architecture  

The name of this pattern comes from “ Tuple space ”, namely “ Distributed shared memory ”, No database or synchronous database access , Therefore, there is no database bottleneck , All processing units share replication application data in memory . Elastic start and close .

 

Example ： see also Wikipedia

• Most often Java Users use ： for example JavaSpaces