Installation and management procedures

1、 Inquire about already installed Of rpm Software information

Format ：rpm -q( Suboptions ) （ The software name ）

-qa： View all of the installed... In the system rpm Package list

-qi： View the details of the specified software

-ql： Query the directory where the specified package is installed 、 File list

-qc： Displays only the configuration files for the specified package installation

-qd： Displays only the documentation files for the specified package installation

2、 Query which file or directory belongs to rpm Software

Format ：rpm -qf File or directory name

3、 Inquire about Not installed Of rpm Package file information ：

Format ：rpm -qp（ Suboptions ）rpm Package software

-qpi： adopt .rpm Package file to view the details of the software

-qpl： see .rpm The directory included in the installation package , File list

-qpc： see .rpm List of configuration files included in the installation package

-qpd： see .rpm List of documentation files included in the installation package

4、 Mount the CD

mount /dev/cdrom( equipment ) /media（ Catalog ）

Be careful ： And windows The habit of using CDs should be distinguished ,linux Must mount or uninstall .

View the mount ：mount

CD unloading ：umount /dev/cdrom or umount /media

5、rpm The installation of the package

rpm -ivh（ Do not prioritize ） rpm Package name

-i（ install ）、-U（ upgrade ）、-F（ to update ）、-v（ display information ）、-h（ Show installation progress ,“#” Express ）

6、rpm Unloading of packages ：

rpm -e Package name

--nodeps（ Ignore dependencies ）、--force（ mandatory ）

7、 maintain rpm database

The reconstruction rpm database ：rpm --rebuilddb or rpm --initdb

8、 Compile the installation process ：

a、tar Unpack —— Download the source code installation package file

purpose ： Unzip and release the source code package to the specified directory .

b、(./configure To configure )

purpose ： Set installation directory 、 Options such as installing modules

c、make compile

purpose ： Generate executable binaries

d、make install install

purpose ： Copy binaries to the system , Configure the application environment

e、 Test and use

Relevant command ：cp * Copy all files

Source package storage location ：/usr/src

Source package installation location ：/usr/local

visit linux Add slogans to the webpage （：10000）, You can enter root And password access

To prevent conflict , The notes are shown in the figure below ：

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Chapter four Account and authority management

User management ：

1、 User related profiles

/etc/passwd（ Save the user ）

/etc/shadow（ User password file ）

/etc/skel（ User template file ）

2、 User related commands

useradd（ Create user ）、passwd（ Change Password ）、userdel（ Delete user ）、usermod（ Modify user properties ）

useradd Options ：

-d： Specify the user's host directory location

-e： Specify the expiration time of user account

-g： Specifies the user's base group name （ or GID Number ）

-G： Specifies the additional group name of the user （ or GID Number ）

-s： Specify the user's login shell

passwd （ Options ） user name

-d： Delete password ,root Can be used

-f： Enforcement

-k： Set only after the password expires , To update

-l： Lock the password

-u： Unlock account

-s： List password related information ,root Can be used

usermod command ：

Format ：usermod （ Options ） user name

notes ：usermod It can be used to modify various settings of user account

-L： Lock user account

-U： Unlock user accounts

Because the options are similar to useradd The meaning in the command is roughly the same , No details here

chage -l user （ View user account information ）

Delete user account ：

userdel command

Format ：userdel （-r） user name

Here is a knowledge point ：！ Command can find the command line you need from the history ,history You can get the serial number of historical commands

3、 Group management

a、 Group related configuration files ：/etc/group

b、 Group related commands ：groupadd -g （ Create group ）、groupdel（ Delete the group ）、gpasswd（ Add users to groups ）

gpasswd command ：

Format ：gpasswd （ Options ） Group account name

-a： Add a user... To the group

-d： Remove a user member from the group

-M： Define group member list , Separated by commas ( Additional group )

Add ：

a、id command

purpose ： Query user identity （id user name )

b、groups command

purpose ： Query the group to which the user belongs

groups user name

c、finger command

finger user name

d、users、W、who command

purpose ： Query the user information logged in to the host