[hard core science popularization] working principle of dynamic loop monitoring system

What is the dynamic loop monitoring system ? The answer to this question involves many problems , An explanation ： It's about air conditioning 、 fire 、 Access control 、 Monitor the power supply and other machine room environment , Real time monitoring records , An unattended monitoring system to assist in rapid troubleshooting .

Analyze the working principle of the dynamic loop monitoring system , First of all, there are three points , That is telesignalling 、 telemetering 、 Speaking of remote control . Remote signaling is the data acquisition of discrete switching signals , Reflect it to the monitoring center , Remember that telesignalling is a discrete switching signal .

Telemetry is the continuous change of analog signals , For example, data acquisition of current and voltage , Judge what happened , Or test the necessary technical data from time to time , In order to analyze the running state of the equipment , This is telemetry . Telemetry is a continuous analog signal , Remote control is the control command sent by the centralized monitoring system , Operate the equipment remotely , The networking mode is also the monitoring center 、 Monitoring unit 、 Monitoring module ; The monitoring center has provincial 、 Municipal level 、 County and district level , Separate codes can be used PC On pcsum To remember ,p： provincial level ,psc Of c representative SC Regional monitoring center , PCs Of s On behalf of the regional monitoring center SS,PCR Of u On behalf of the monitoring unit SUV,pcsum Of m On behalf of the monitoring module , The interfaces of the dynamic loop monitoring system are abcda, That is, the interface between the monitoring module and the monitoring unit , Defined as the front-end intelligent device protocol , Front end intelligent device protocol a Interface , Define the data acquisition layer protocol in detail , Define the data acquisition layer protocol in detail .

Remote control means remote control , It's not difficult to understand and explain .
　　

Monitoring unit SUV And monitoring module SM The communication of is composed of ,SUV Upper computer SM For the lower computer b Interface , Monitoring unit SUV The interface with the superior management unit is defined as the office data access protocol b Interface ,c Interface refers to the interconnection between monitoring systems of different manufacturers. The interface is defined as system interconnection protocol c Interface , The ground interface is the interface between the monitoring center of the monitoring management system and other gateways, which is defined as the alarm protocol interface , For example, to receive IBMS wait .

Main network principle , Provincial Monitoring Center psc One or more regional monitoring centers can be set , Regional monitoring center SC One or several regional monitoring centers can be set ,SS Each communication director can set one or more monitoring units according to the scale , You can also set up a monitoring unit for multiple stations as required . Monitoring module SM In principle, it is connected to the monitoring unit of the station , It can also be connected to other station monitoring units as needed , Or a higher-level Monitoring Center .

Module monitoring module SM It is divided into self-contained 、 There are two forms of self-contained monitoring intelligent monitoring module and additional monitoring module , Device type is intelligent device monitoring , The additional type is that ordinary equipment needs to be added, in which the additional monitoring module can be input through numerical value , Digital output or analog input , Technology input and other interfaces are respectively connected with the interfaces of non intelligent devices , Corresponding interface connection , Monitoring centralized monitoring object and content , For example, high and low power distribution systems , Like this telemetry is continuous analog signal , electric current 、 voltage 、 Power factor and so on .

Remote signaling switch discrete switch signal various alarms , For example, low voltage distribution system , Remote control is to open and close the control switch , The generator set is to switch on and off remotely , Remote shutdown , Remote control group standby , Rectifier power distribution equipment is a remote control switch . Dive remote control test , Remote control of solar energy equipment , The input of the remote control array has measured that wind power generation is the switch of the remote control fan , The remote control of the storage resistor is remote charging 、 Discharge alarm 、 Sound switch , These are the data collection of intelligent monitoring system .
　　

The sensor is responsible for detecting, measuring and converting the measured signal , Data information that can be processed from the front-end computer , Most of them are to convert the measured non electricity into a certain amount of electricity output , The non electric quantity here refers to physics 、 Chemical and biological information .

The sensor is composed of sensitive elements 、 The conversion element and the conversion circuit form the sensitive element , Directly feel the measured and output a certain physical quantity in a definite relationship with the measured , Conversion element , Take the output of the sensing element as the input , Convert the input into 、 Circuit parameters 、 voltage 、 electric current 、 resistance 、 inductance 、 Capacitance and other conversion circuits , Connect the above circuit parameters to the conversion circuit 、 convert to 、 Power output classification , According to the input quantity, the measured object is classified .

Physical quantity sensor , For example, temperature, pressure and displacement sensors are all physical quantities , There are chemical quantity sensors and biomass sensors , According to the output, there are analog sensors , The outputs of digital sensors are analog quantity and digital quantity respectively , According to the basic effect , There are physical types 、 Chemical type 、 Biotype , The physical model is the physical change of the sensor itself , Realize signal change , For example, mercury thermometer , The chemical type is the sensitive element of the sensor , electrochemical reaction , Realize signal conversion .

According to the working principle, there are capacitive 、 Inductive 、 Strain piezoelectric , Working principle of electrothermal sensor measurement , According to the classification of energy transformation relationship , There are energy conversion types , The conversion type is active , The energy control type is passive , Transform energy transform Sensor .
　　

Commonly used sensors are temperature sensors 、 humidity sensor 、 Inductive sensor 、 infrared sensor 、 Microwave infrared double bond Sensor 、 Liquid level sensor 、 Continuous level sensor , The waveform used by data acquisition to represent the converted and transmitted detection information is called detection signal . The change characteristics of the detection signal can be characterized by amplitude 、 Phase characteristics 、 Frequency characteristics .

For power equipment , Its monitoring quantity includes digital quantity 、 Analog quantity and switching quantity . The transmission between the monitoring module and the monitoring unit includes RS232 Serial communication has a direct line and cross line connection , The point-to-point communication rate is less than 20k transmission distance 15 Meter full duplex .Rs4r2 It is the differential balance electrical interface , Effectively reduce ground wire interference and electronic interference , Point to multipoint transmission communication and point to multipoint communication , Transmission rate 10 Trillion can only 12 rice ,110 Zhao yes 120 rice ,100k yes 1200 rice , That is to say, the transmission distance increases 10 times , Then the transmission rate is reduced 10 times .

Rs485 yes 24422 Subset , It's also more to more , The communication distance and rate are the same as 422 It's half duplex ,485 It's half duplex , Above the monitoring unit , Transmission at all levels , Transmission mode is when reliability is required , Use dual routers or when the ring network transmission fails , The active and standby routes can be switched freely , The primary and standby paths can be switched freely , The functional structure of free switching between main and standby circuits .

Data acquisition and equipment control , Data collection is the most basic , It is the most basic functional requirement of animation monitoring , Equipment control shall have requirements , Is good real-time and accuracy , Real time and accuracy . Operation and maintenance are the core functions of the system based on data acquisition and equipment control , Operation and maintenance . The management function includes configuration 、 fault 、 performance 、 Safety and other management .

Requirements for management functions , Configuration management is to ensure the important functions of the system through the parameter settings of various parameters .

Configuration management through the setting of various parameters , Ensure the important functions of the system , Configure data synchronization , The data configuration data of centralized monitoring systems at all levels should be consistent , For example, when the subordinate monitored objects, contents or personnel change , The superior system should change the corresponding data accordingly , Then report the configuration change to the superior system through the event notification function .

Fault management includes fault information collection , There is one level of fault alarm classification 2 level 3 level 4 level , The first level is to endanger safety , The alarm that should be handled immediately is level 1 and level 2 , It may cause voltage retreat or performance degradation, affecting safety , Need to arrange time to deal with .

The third level is that although there is a fault , But it does not affect the overall operation performance . Level 4 is the maintenance prompt alarm sent by the equipment , Then the alarm records the status , The alarm status of the number of people has been confirmed, unconfirmed or eliminated 4 Kind of , The causes of alarms are divided into monitoring objects , Faults and faults of the centralized monitoring and management system itself . Fault management includes fault information processing , Fault information display 、 Fault response time , Performance management has two ways of collecting performance data, i.e. higher-level request or active reporting with lower levels . Performance threshold management sends an alert when the performance drops or exceeds the threshold range .

The safety management system has three levels of safety , System administrator 、 System login and operation control of system operators and general users , Sound functions for users who try to log in . Have healthy functions , Only when the name and password are correct can you log in , Login denied many times , Can be rejected many times , The system should be able to lock this user , System log includes system access log and system operation log , System operation security policy , Any parameter adjustment and function control of the power space system by the monitoring system must meet , The normal and safe working conditions of power supply, air conditioning and environmental system must be met first , This is the overall safe operation strategy of the centralized monitoring system .

The centralized monitoring and management system is based on this security policy , Improper operations that affect the normal operation of the system and the safety of the equipment should be prompted in an obvious way .

Use and maintenance of moving ring monitoring system , General requirements hardware requirements , An example of a battery is that the measurement error of the single voltage of the battery is not greater than, for example, that of a two volt battery is not greater than ±5 millivolt ,6 What lies ahead is ±10 millivolt ,12 What lies ahead is ±20 MV not greater than ±20 millivolt , The average failure interval of reliability is greater than 10 Thousands of hours , The mean time to repair the failure shall not be greater than 0.5 Hours , Then the average aging interval of the whole system should be greater than 2 Thousands of hours , Expandability software and hardware adopt modular structure and use real-time . The time interval between the occurrence of an alarm and the receipt of an alarm by an attended monitoring center shall not be greater than 10 millisecond 1010 second , There should be high setting of multi event simultaneous alarm function , Accuracy is 100%.

The security front-end camera should be set with the function of prohibiting remote control , The power supply system shall be powered by uninterruptible power supply .6ps When supplying power , The switching time of bypass inverter is not more than two milliseconds , Battery compatibility includes battery endurance ,EMS And battery interference ,Emma The installation and wiring of monitoring equipment are non rock combustible cables, which are vulnerable to electronic interference , Adopt shielded cable shielding layer for reliable grounding , The star line and the power line are separately arranged to keep away from interference , The application of ceiling and on-line and ceiling and wall on-line should not be laid in parallel with other close distance , Straw laying of non rock combustible materials .

Routine maintenance and use include two aspects , One is management , Second, the alarm monitoring center implements 24 Hour duty , React immediately after the alarm , General alarm record observation, and dispatch maintenance to deal with important alarms when necessary , Notify the personnel to deal with the emergency alarm and immediately notify the maintenance , Repair and notify the head of the power supply, air conditioning and maintenance department .

Configuration management through the setting of various parameters , Ensure the important functions of the system , Configure data synchronization , The data configuration data of centralized monitoring systems at all levels should be consistent , For example, when the subordinate monitored objects, contents or personnel change , The superior system should change the corresponding data accordingly , Then report the configuration change to the superior system through the event notification function .

Fault management includes fault information collection , There is one level of fault alarm classification 2 level 3 level 4 level , The first level is to endanger safety , The alarm that should be handled immediately is level 1 and level 2 , It may cause voltage retreat or performance degradation, affecting safety , Need to arrange time to deal with .

The third level is that although there is a fault , But it does not affect the overall operation performance . Level 4 is the maintenance prompt alarm sent by the equipment , Then the alarm records the status , The alarm status of the number of people has been confirmed, unconfirmed or eliminated 4 Kind of , The causes of alarms are divided into monitoring objects , Faults and faults of the centralized monitoring and management system itself . Fault management includes fault information processing , Fault information display 、 Fault response time , Performance management has two ways of collecting performance data, i.e. higher-level request or active reporting with lower levels . Performance threshold management sends an alert when the performance drops or exceeds the threshold range .

The safety management system has three levels of safety , System administrator 、 System login and operation control of system operators and general users , Sound functions for users who try to log in . Have healthy functions , Only when the name and password are correct can you log in , Login denied many times , Can be rejected many times , The system should be able to lock this user , System log includes system access log and system operation log , System operation security policy , Any parameter adjustment and function control of the power space system by the monitoring system must meet , The normal and safe working conditions of power supply, air conditioning and environmental system must be met first , This is the overall safe operation strategy of the centralized monitoring system .

The centralized monitoring and management system is based on this security policy , Improper operations that affect the normal operation of the system and the safety of the equipment should be prompted in an obvious way .

Use and maintenance of moving ring monitoring system , General requirements hardware requirements , An example of a battery is that the measurement error of the single voltage of the battery is not greater than, for example, that of a two volt battery is not greater than ±5 millivolt ,6 What lies ahead is ±10 millivolt ,12 What lies ahead is ±20 MV not greater than ±20 millivolt , The average failure interval of reliability is greater than 10 Thousands of hours , The mean time to repair the failure shall not be greater than 0.5 Hours , Then the average aging interval of the whole system should be greater than 2 Thousands of hours , Expandability software and hardware adopt modular structure and use real-time . The time interval between the occurrence of an alarm and the receipt of an alarm by an attended monitoring center shall not be greater than 10 millisecond 1010 second , There should be high setting of multi event simultaneous alarm function , Accuracy is 100%.

The security front-end camera should be set with the function of prohibiting remote control , The power supply system shall be powered by uninterruptible power supply .6ps When supplying power , The switching time of bypass inverter is not more than two milliseconds , Battery compatibility includes battery endurance ,EMS And battery interference ,Emma The installation and wiring of monitoring equipment are non rock combustible cables, which are vulnerable to electronic interference , Adopt shielded cable shielding layer for reliable grounding , The star line and the power line are separately arranged to keep away from interference , The application of ceiling and on-line and ceiling and wall on-line should not be laid in parallel with other close distance , Straw laying of non rock combustible materials .

Routine maintenance and use include two aspects , One is management , Second, the alarm monitoring center implements 24 Hour duty , React immediately after the alarm , General alarm record observation, and dispatch maintenance to deal with important alarms when necessary , Notify the personnel to deal with the emergency alarm and immediately notify the maintenance , Repair and notify the head of the power supply, air conditioning and maintenance department .