Latex learning

Latex Study

One 、TeX,LaTeX,MikTex,CTeX,TeX Live What is it and its difference

This blog is based on FAQ The mode of TeX What is it? ： Wang Yin introduced TeX, A professional typesetting system , It can be roughly understood as using comparison word、pdf What you see is what you get ,TeX It's a typesetting system , Use code to write , Leave the typesetting work to the program , Achieve what you want is what you get ,TeX It is very suitable for scientists to write academic papers and books , For example, the input of formula will be better than word Much more convenient .
TeX,LaTeX,MikTex,CTeX,TeX Live And so on, many versions look very confusing , Actually sum linux The various versions of are a bit like , Their macros are a little different .
Knuth Created TeX after , It's free TeX The source code of the program . So anyone can compile that file into a program without modifying it , Then it is packaged and distributed with many other programs . So there are many distributions , such as Windows There are MikTeX,fpTeX etc. , and Linux and UNIX There are teTeX. These abbreviations “ issue ”.
TeX and MikTeX,teTeX The relationship between etc. , It's like Linux and Debian GNU/Linux, RedhatLinux The relationship between etc. . every last TeX The release includes TeX, METAFONT,LaTeX, amsTeX, MetaPost, dvips, pdfTeX, dvipdfm Wait for every Linux The distribution includes Linux kernel ,bash, gcc, tar, XFree86 wait .
So which one to install ？
although CTeX in MiKTeX Too old , Unable to update macro package solution The problems described in this blog have not been encountered , And compared with this blog, the official website version has been updated , But it is still not recommended to use minimal installation （ I have come to modify my blog ）.
win Next TeX Live The default is full installation , and MikTeX The default is to minimize installation , When you really use it ,MikTeX There will be all kinds of errors due to the lack of all kinds of things , The so-called use of bags and then on the spot can not solve a lot error, So it is recommended to install the full version TeX Live, One step in place .
MikTeX、TeX Live And so on are compilation environments ,TexStudio、TexMaker Wait for the compiler （ It should be an integrated development environment ） （ compiler ？？ Compile environment ？？ Isn't it a thing ？ You can refer to C/C++ The compiler | Compile environment （ A very comprehensive comparison ）)

Reference resources LaTex+TexStudio Environment configuration

Two 、TexLive Installation and environment configuration

1、VSCode+Texlive+SumatraPDF build Latex Environmental Science （***）

1）Texlive Installation and environment configuration of

• Environment variable Settings ：path=D:\programmingSoftware\LaTeX\texlive\2020\bin\win32）

• cmd >> tex -v verification

  Reference resources Texlive Installation and environment variable configuration

2）vscode（Latex workshop） + setting To configure （ The main settings are what to compile ：xelatex,pdflatex, still bibtex）

3）sumapdf install , Realization Forward search / Reverse search （ Here is a bug, You need to open it first sumapdf, can Reverse index , Forward index use ctrl+alt+J）

​ Reference resources b standing up Sharing of the Lord ：Win10+VSCode+Texlive+SumatraPDF build Latex Environmental Science That's enough

problem ： Compilation ratio CTEX Chinese suit is hard

2、Texlive Install macro package

Reference resources windows Under the TeX Live How to install downloaded sty Macro package ？

3、 ... and 、MikTex install

1、MikTex install

CTeX Chinese suit Is based on Windows Under the MiKTeX System , Integrated editor WinEdt and PostScript Processing software Ghostscript and GSview And other major tools . among CTeX An important function of is to realize TeX Documentation and PDF Forward and reverse search between files , It is commonly called mutual jump . This is very useful and convenient for daily writing and revision .

Reference resources https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/news/727675

Installation tutorial reference CTex+WinEdt10.2 Install detailed tutorials and cracking （ Fool installation , Click next ）

I installed CTeX_2.9.2.164_Full.exe edition （1.3G, contain MikTeX,winEdt,sumtrapdf）. Tsinghua mirror website ：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ctex/legacy/2.9/

MikTex Environment variable configuration ：path = F:\latex\CTEX\MiKTeX\miktex\bin , If the system is also installed Texlive, And configured path, Suggest set priority .

cmd >> tex --version verification

2、winEdt Use （*****）

1） Compile environment settings

Q： If MikTex The environment variable is not set correctly , Or say It was used Tex Live Environment variables of , be winEdt The compile button above will not recognize Compile the file (eg,pdflatex.exe,textify.exe), all Show gray

resolvent ：

• Options >> Execution Mode, see Full Executable In that column exe Whether the file really exists .
• If it doesn't exist , Reconfiguration MikTex environment variable , restart winEdt, When you open it again ,winEdt I will go to the automatic identification system latex Environment variables of （ I used to use texlive environment variable , Lead to winEdt The compile buttons are all gray ）
• I remember MikTex Multiple environment variables should be configured , But I only configured path = F:\latex\CTEX\MiKTeX\miktex\bin, Most compiled files can be used （pdfTexify.exe It can be used ）, A few of them can't be used (dvi2pdf Unavailable , So insert pictures later with jpg, no need eps, because eps Need to pass through dvi2pdf Compile )

2） Forward and reverse indexing

Reference resources Latex Winedt+SumatraPDF The reason why reverse search cannot ,WinEdt And SumatraPDF Forward and reverse search function

• Pay attention to opening --src, First dvi2pdf, Again pdfTexify,winedt Of pdf Search It will light up
• Forward index ： Left click the mouse cursor TeX Somewhere in the source code of the document , Then left click “PDF Search” Button
• Reverse index ： Build... In compilation PDF after , stay PDF Double click a line on the page , You can jump to TeX The corresponding source code of the document （ If the reverse index doesn't respond , Then open SumatraPDF, Click again winedt Of pdf Search）

After configuration , Compile the file , You will see a folder ：xxx.synctex.gz, Mainly for Save forward and reverse index information .

3） Master file settings

stay winEdt The last column in the bottom column , Sure Specify the current project location , With tex The master document shall prevail , Load the current directory structure .（ If... Cannot be set , The click WinEdt.prj That column is enough ）

next ,View >> Tree Show tex Article structure , If it already exists , First Delete the current Tree, Refresh You can get the new project tex Tree

5、 ... and 、Latex skill

1、 fit LaTeX Beginner's blog

• LaTeX Learning journey

• LaTeX Studio

2、 Circled numbers and list of circled numbers

Reference resources LaTeX skill 775： Circled numbers and list of circled numbers

\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand*{\circled}[1]{\lower.7ex\hbox{\tikz\draw (0pt, 0pt)%
    circle (.5em) node {\makebox[1em][c]{\small #1}};}}
\robustify{\circled}    

\circled{20}  # Circled number 20

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\newcommand*{\circled}[1]{\lower.7ex\hbox{\tikz\draw (0pt, 0pt)%
    circle (.5em) node {\makebox[1em][c]{\small #1}};}}
\robustify{\circled}
\begin{document}
\mbox{}\rlap{\rule{.7\linewidth}{.4pt}}%
This is the circled number \circled{20}.

\begin{enumerate}[label=\circled{\arabic*}]
\item I
\item am
\item happy
\item to
\item join
\item with
\item you
\item today
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

3、 Insert hyperlink

Reference resources Latex course : [10] Insert hyperlink

# Add macros to the document header 
\usepackage[colorlinks,linkcolor=red]{hyperref}

\url{www.baidu.com} # Insert hyperlink 

If Do not want to appear in the body of the link address Words , And want to use text or other fonts to display links , You can enter the following code ：

\href{www.baidu.com}{ Baidu }

4、 Insert a picture + notes

1） Insert a picture

Reference resources LaTeX Several common methods of inserting pictures into documents

• If it is eps The graphic , The compilation process is latex, dvips, ps2pdf.

• If it is pdf jpg png graphics , The compilation process is pdflatex .

Reference resources Latex In the illustration summary （ One ）

\usepackage{graphicx}

\centerline{\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{example/eeg.jpg}} # Insert a picture 
\centerline{\fontsize{26pt}{26pt} EEG The signal }  # Insert a picture comment （ This is not recommended ）

Be careful jpg The suffix of the picture is Capitalization ’JPG’,dvi2pdf -> pdfTextify Will be displayed normally

2） Photo caption

Reference resources LaTex Insert pictures side by side , And note the description under each picture

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
    \begin{tabular}{cc}
        \begin{minipage}[t]{3in}
        \includegraphics[width=2.8in]{example/eeg.jpg}
        \caption{EEG The signal .}
        \end{minipage}
    %%
        \begin{minipage}[t]{3in}
        \includegraphics[width=2.8in]{example/eeg.jpg}
        \caption{EEG The signal .}
        \end{minipage}
    \end{tabular}
\end{figure}

5、 Change the font

Reference resources use fontsize To modify the font of the text

6、 Insert sequence table

\begin{enumerate}
	\item  This is a sequential list .
	\item  This is a sequential list .
	\item  This is a sequential list .
\end{enumerate}

7、 Insert unordered list

\begin{itemize}
	\item  This is an unordered list .
	\item  This is an unordered list .
	\item  This is an unordered list .
\end{itemize}

8、 Refer to the website and footnotes

 Reference database (thesis.bib) The entry of , It can be downloaded from Google Scholar Search engine \footnote{\url{https://scholar.google.com}}、CiteSeerX Search engine \footnote{\url{http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu}} Search for , Document management software Papers\footnote{\url{http://papersapp.com}}、Mendeley\footnote{\url{http://www.mendeley.com}}、JabRef\footnote{\url{http://jabref.sourceforge.net}}  It can also output item information .

Be careful ：\url{} Cannot process with ’’$\%$" Link to （ It's not good to bring a translation symbol ）, and \href{} Sure .

\href{https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%80%92%E8%B0%B1/9851556?fr=aladdin}{ Baidu Encyclopedia ： cepstrum }

9、 Draw table

1） The form basically uses

Reference resources LaTeX Insert table

Note：l Align left ,c Align in the middle ,r Align right

\begin{table}[]
    \caption{basic structure}
    \vspace{20pt}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{lllll}
        \hline
        \thead[l]{Gene\\name} & \thead[l]{Gene accession\\No. }& \thead[l]{CDS length\\(bp)} & \thead[l]{Protein size\\(aa)} & \thead[l]{Protein MW\\(kDa)} \\
        \hline
        001  & 01g009860.2   & 819             & 272               & 31.34            \\
        002  & 01g021730.2   & 798             & 265               & 30.37            \\
        003  & 01g094490.2   & 630             & 209               & 24.58            \\
        004  & 01g102740.2   & 1242            & 413               & 46.94            \\
        005  & 01g104900.2   & 597             & 198               & 22.85            \\
        006  & 02g036430.1   & 1698            & 565               & 64.88            \\
        007  & 02g061780.2   & 735             & 244               & 28.23            \\
        008  & 02g061870.1   & 660             & 219               & 25.21            \\
        009  & 02g061900.1   & 915             & 304               & 34.61            \\
        010  & 02g061910.1   & 795             & 264               & 29.92 \\    
        \hline       
    \end{tabular}
    \abel{bs}
\end{table}

2） Table too wide and too narrow adjustment

What if the form is too wide ？ Reference resources Latex The table is too large ( Or too small ) Adjustment method of

\begin{center}
\textbf{Table 1}~~Original table.\\
\resizebox{\textwidth}{15mm}{
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccccc} \toprule
Models  &  $\hat c$  &  $\hat\alpha$  &  $\hat\beta_0$  &  $\hat\beta_1$  &  $\hat\beta_2$ & Models  &  $\hat c$  &  $\hat\alpha$  &  $\hat\beta_0$  &  $\hat\beta_1$  &  $\hat\beta_2$  \\ \hline
model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & -  & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & -\\
model  & 12.4089  & 0.5169  & 18.6986  & -6.6157  & - & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
model  & 14.8586  & 0.4991  & 19.5421  & -7.0717  & 0.2183 & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
model  & 3.06302  & 0.41266  & 0.11725  & - & - & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
model  & 1.24089  & 0.51691  & 0.83605  & -0.66157  & - & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
model  & 1.48586  & 0.49906  & 0.95609  & -0.70717  & 0.02183  & model  & 30.6302  & 0.4127  & 9.4257  & - & - \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}

3） Table merging and splitting

Reference resources Latex Summary of some table usage in （ Two ）—— Determinant table , Segmentation and merging of tables

Merge of columns ：

Note：\multicolumn{ Merge Columns }{ New column format }{ Content }

\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ achievement }  \\ \hline
 Chinese language and literature   &    mathematics   \\   
\hline

87    & 100  \\
\hline

\end{tabular}


\end{document}

Consolidation of rows ：

Note：\multirow{ Number of merged rows }{ New column format }{ Content }, Note the introduction of macro packages \usepackage{multirow}

\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{|c|r|r|}
\hline
\multirow{2}*{ full name } & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{ achievement }  \\ \cline{2-3}
                    &   Chinese language and literature   &    mathematics   \\   
\hline

             Zhang San     & 87    &  100 \\
\hline

\end{tabular}

\end{document}

4） Center the table as a whole

Reference resources Latex Center the table as a whole

5） Table generation tool

Table generation tool ：Table Generator, Strongly recommended , The merging and splitting of tables is very convenient , Style modification is also more convenient （ In the middle , Size ）.

10、 Formula numbering and alignment

Reference resources latex The formula 、 Number 、 alignment

Single formula ：

\begin{equation}
\ Formula code （ Example ：Omega\left(f_{t}\left(X_{i} ; \theta\right)\right)=\gamma T+\frac{1}{2} \lambda\|w\|^{2}）
\end{equation} 

Multiple formulas ：

\begin{eqnarray}
PERCLOS = \frac{\sum(T_6 - T_5) }{T_2 - T_1} \\ 
p = e + 0.2 * (m - e)
\end{eqnarray}

Go to number ：

• Add... At the end of the formula \nonumber
• Align left + Go to number ： Reference resources Latex Align multiline formulas to the left

\begin{align}
& \tilde s_i^2 = w^T S_i w \\
& \tilde s_1^2 + \tilde s_2^2 =  w^T S_w w
\end{align}

Note：

• Don't write in blank lines , Otherwise, an error will be reported

• stay \{equation} or \{eqnarray} There is no need to $..$

• You can modify the default number

• If there is Chinese in the formula , use \mbox{xxx}

  P\{\mbox{ Refuse } \mid H_{0} \mbox{ It's true }\} = \alpha
  

  KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \mbox at position 5: P\{\̲m̲b̲o̲x̲{ Refuse } \mid H_{0}…

11、Tikz mapping

%# -*- coding: utf-8-unix -*-
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture,font=\sffamily\bfseries]
\draw[ultra thick,c4,name path=big arc] ([xshift=-2mm]current page.north) arc(150:285:11)
coordinate[pos=0.225] (x0);
\begin{scope}
\clip ([xshift=-2mm]current page.north) arc(150:285:11) --(current page.north
east);
\fill[c4!50,opacity=0.25] ([xshift=4.55cm]x0) circle (4.55);
\fill[c4!50,opacity=0.25] ([xshift=3.4cm]x0) circle (3.4);
\fill[c4!50,opacity=0.25] ([xshift=2.25cm]x0) circle (2.25);
\draw[ultra thick,c4!50] (x0) arc(-90:30:6.5);
\draw[ultra thick,c4] (x0) arc(90:-30:8.75);
\draw[ultra thick,c4!50,name path=arc1] (x0) arc(90:-90:4.675);
\draw[ultra thick,c4!50] (x0) arc(90:-90:2.875);
\path[name intersections={of=big arc and arc1,by=x1}];
\draw[ultra thick,c4,name path=arc2] (x1) arc(135:-20:4.75);
\draw[ultra thick,c4!50] (x1) arc(135:-20:8.75);
\path[name intersections={of=big arc and arc2,by={aux,x2}}];
\draw[ultra thick,c4!50] (x2) arc(180:50:2.25);
\end{scope}
\path[decoration={text along path,text color=c4,
	raise = -2.8ex,
	text  along path,
	text = {|\sffamily\bfseries|\today},
	text align = center,
},
decorate
] ([xshift=-2mm]current page.north) arc(150:245:11);
%
\begin{scope}
\path[clip,postaction={fill=c3}]
([xshift=2cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center) rectangle ++ (4.2,7.7);
\fill[c2] ([xshift=0.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)
([xshift=0.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)  arc(180:60:2)
|- ++ (-3,6) --cycle;
\draw[ultra thick,c4] ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)
arc(180:0:2);
\draw[ultra thick,c4] ([xshift=0.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)
arc(180:0:2);
\draw[ultra thick,c4] ([xshift=2.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)
arc(180:0:2);
\draw[ultra thick,c4] ([xshift=4.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center)
arc(180:0:2);
\fill[red] ([xshift=2.5cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center) +(60:2) circle(1.5mm);
\node[text=c5!80!black] at ([xshift=4.7cm,yshift=-5.2cm]current page.center) {$\rho:=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{-3}}{2}$};
\end{scope}
%
\fill[c1] ([xshift=2cm,yshift=-8cm]current page.center) rectangle ++ (-13.7,7.7);
\node[text=white,anchor=west,scale=4,inner sep=0pt] at
([xshift=-10.55cm,yshift=-3cm]current page.center) {$\mathbb{ Q }$-book  Book templates };
\node[text=white,anchor=west,scale=2,inner sep=0pt] at
([xshift=-4.5cm,yshift=-5.5cm]current page.center) {333 \quad  Make };
\end{tikzpicture}

Suggest ：

• It is recommended to use overleaf, You can view the effect in real time , After downloading Save as pdf, As Image import that will do （ no need svg, It's still clear ）.overleaf

• It is not recommended to use \input,\include Nested with tikz Of .tex file , Easy to compile errors （ It is likely to change the original code format , Want to restore the original compilation , You will also report mistakes. ）.

  • \documentclass{standalone} and \documentclass{book} Conflict

  • pdfTexify from compile 1 The next change is 3 Time , Now I Leave only tex Master file See if you can change bug, It turns out that bug It's not solved , In the end Compilation failed （700 individual error）, There is a coding format conversion that I haven't seen before ：gbk2uni. The solution is to download the template again , Paste and copy the source code （ The main reason is xxx.cls The file cannot be deleted , Lord tex You will not find the style latex Of cls Document instructions ）.
    

Reference resources

• Get started using tikz Draw a deep learning network
• PlotNeuralNet - python Generate TikZ（ Drawing neural networks ）
• TikZ: LaTeX Drawing package
• Is there any drawing tool of neural network structure diagram worth recommending ？ - vctzhou Answer - You know
• Texample.net

12、latex Multi file integration

Reference resources Latex Multi file integration

13、 Add algorithm table

Reference resources

• stay Latex Insert algorithm table
• Latex Table and algorithm typesetting records

1） English Algorithm 1

Import two packages ：\usepackage{algorithmic},\usepackage{algorithm}

\documentclass[]{book}  
%\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}  % If you don't add it, you can't display Chinese normally 
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{algorithm}
%\floatname{algorithm}{ Algorithm }
%\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{ Input :}}
%\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{ Output :}} 
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{Output:}}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Input:}}

\begin{document}
\begin{algorithm}[]
\caption{ Algorithm Algorithm Algorithm Algorithm}
\label{alg:Framwork}
\begin{algorithmic}[] % This 1  Indicates that each line displays a number 
\REQUIRE ~~\\ % Input parameters of the algorithm ：Input
Secret bit stream: B={0100……}\\
Embedding rate: m bit\\

\ENSURE ~~\\ % The output of the algorithm ：Output
Multiple sentences: Text;
\IF {not the end of current sentence}
\STATE Calculate the probability distribution of the next word ;
\STATE \STATE Calculate the perplexity of the words generated with the word of CP;
\IF {$ppl_j$ less than ppl}
\STATE Select the word to form the CP\_new;
\IF {CP\_new is empty}
\STATE Selected the word which has the highest conditional probability in the CP;
\ELSE
\STATE Construct a Huffman tree according to the probability distribution of each word in the CP\_new and encode the word;
\ENDIF
\ENDIF
\ELSE
\STATE Random pick a word from start word list start the other sentence;
\ENDIF
\RETURN generated sentences; % The return value of the algorithm 
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
\end{document}

2） English Algorithm 2

Reference resources

• Latex Algorithm Algorithm Some use summary （ Basic usage , Step label , Add color to a sentence ）
• utilize alogrithm2e An algorithm overview of typesetting

Import a package ：\usepackage[options]{algorithm2e}

\documentclass[]{book}
\usepackage[ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}

\begin{document}
\begin{algorithm}[t]
	\caption{Framework of Meta-GNN.}
	\label{alg:algorithm1}
	\KwIn{Distribution over mete-training tasks: $p(\mathcal{T})$; Meta-testing tasks: $\mathcal{T}_{mt}$; Task-learning rate: $\alpha_{1}$; Meta-learning rate: $\alpha_{2}$.}
	\KwOut{Labels of nodes in query set of $\mathcal{T}_{mt}$.}
	\BlankLine
	Initialize $\bm{\theta}$ randomly;
	
	\While{\textnormal{not converged}}{
		Sample batch of meta-training tasks $\mathcal{T}_{i} \sim p(\mathcal{T})$;
		
		\ForEach{task in $\mathcal{T}_{i}$}{
			Evaluate $\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{T}_{i}}\left(f_{\bm{\theta}}\right)$ using $\mathcal{S}_{i}$;
			
			Compute adapted parameters $\bm{
   {\theta}^{\prime}_{i}}$;
			
			Evaluate $\mathcal{L}_{\mathcal{T}_{i}}\left(f_{\bm{
   {\theta}_{i}^{\prime}}}\right)$ using $\mathcal{Q}_{i}$;
		}
		Update $\bm{\theta}$ by;
	}
	
	Compute adapted parameters $\bm{
   {\theta}^{\prime}_{mt}}$ using support set of $\mathcal{T}_{mt}$;
	
	Predict labels of nodes in query set of $\mathcal{T}_{mt}$ using model $f_{\bm{
   {\theta}_{mt}^{\prime}}}$.
\end{algorithm}
\end{document}

3） Chinese Algorithm 1

Reference resources

• LaTeX Chinese pseudo code
• Latex Write pseudo code layout of Algorithm
• \documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart} Can display Chinese but not coexist with pictures

stay **“1） English Algorithm 1”** Based on the addition of ：

%\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart} % obsolete , Out-of-service 

\documentclass[]{book}  
\usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}  % If you don't add it, you can't display Chinese normally 

\floatname{algorithm}{ Algorithm }
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{ Input :}}  % Add new instruction 
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{ Output :}}

4） Chinese Algorithm 2（*****）

Reference resources utilize alogrithm2e An algorithm overview of typesetting

%\renewcommand{\algorithmcfname}{ Algorithm }  % Don't take effect 
\floatname{algorithm}{ Algorithm } % take effect 
\SetKw{KwInput}{\textbf{ Input :}}{}
\SetKw{KwOutput}{\textbf{ Output :}}{}
\begin{algorithm}[H]
\SetAlgoLined
\KwInput{ Training data set $D$ And characteristics $A$} \\
\KwOutput{ features A On the training data set $D$ Information gain of $g(D,A)$ } \\
(1)  Computational data set D The experience of the entropy $H(D)$ \\
\begin{array}{c}
\quad \quad H(D) = - \sum_{k=1}^{K} \frac{|C_k|}{|D|}log_2\frac{|C_k|}{|D|}
\end{array}

(2) Calculating characteristics A The data set D Entropy of empirical conditions $H(D|A)$ \\
\begin{array}{c}
\quad \quad H(D|A)= \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{|D_i|}{|D|}H(D_i) = -\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{|D_i|}{|D|} \sum_{k=1}^K \frac{|D_{ik}|}{|D_i|}log_2\frac{|D_{ik}|}{|D_i|}
\end{array}

(3) Calculated information gain  \\
\begin{array}{c}
\quad \quad g(D|A) = H(D) - H(D|A)
\end{array}
\caption{ Information gain algorithm }
\end{algorithm}

5） Problem solving （*****）

For the first method ： Import \usepackage{algorithmic},\usepackage{algorithm} English Algorithm 1

Some packages may be introduced during cls、sty File conflict （ such as \usepackage[UTF8]{ctex}), The format cannot be displayed normally , The solution is to create another tex（ Best in main.tex subdirectory , Easy to manage ）, After drawing the algorithm table , Import into main.tex In file .

For the second method ： Import \usepackage[options]{algorithm2e}, The format is displayed normally . English Algorithm 2

[ Failed to transfer the external chain picture , The origin station may have anti-theft chain mechanism , It is suggested to save the pictures and upload them directly (img-u8J4hSM8-1644548791917)(./img/Snipaste_2021-03-30_11-54-36.jpg)]

14、latex Insert gif Moving graph

Latex Using skills ： Insert .gif Animation

First the gif The moving picture is converted into multiple png-24 Pictures of the （ use PS Export all layers to a file ）

Use ：

• introduce animate Macro package ：\usepackage[<options>]{animate}

• We must first introduce graphicx Macro package

• \animategraphics[<options>]{<frame rate>}{<file basename>}{<first>}{<last>}
  

In the end, it failed , The image doesn't move , Give up the struggle .

15、 Add code

Reference resources

• LaTeX in 「 Add program code 」 The perfect solution

• Source code highlighting in LaTeX

\begin{lstlisting}[language={C}, caption={PCA Model python Realization }]
##Python Realization PCA
import numpy as np
def pca(X,k):#k is the components you want
  #mean of each feature
  n_samples, n_features = X.shape
  mean=np.array([np.mean(X[:,i]) for i in range(n_features)])
  #normalization
  norm_X=X-mean
  #scatter matrix
  scatter_matrix=np.dot(np.transpose(norm_X),norm_X)
  #Calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues
  eig_val, eig_vec = np.linalg.eig(scatter_matrix)
  eig_pairs = [(np.abs(eig_val[i]), eig_vec[:,i]) for i in range(n_features)]
  # sort eig_vec based on eig_val from highest to lowest
  eig_pairs.sort(reverse=True)
  # select the top k eig_vec
  feature=np.array([ele[1] for ele in eig_pairs[:k]])
  #get new data
  data=np.dot(norm_X,np.transpose(feature))
  return data

X = np.array([[-1, 1], [-2, -1], [-3, -2], [1, 1], [2, 1], [3, 2]])

print(pca(X,1))
\end{lstlisting}

Although the code is not highlighted , But at least there is no error （ If you will language={C} Change to language={python}, Compile and report errors ）

Note：

• Sure Put the code in a folder , stay tex Just quote from

  \lstinputlisting[
      style       =   C,
      caption     =   {\bf LDA.py},
      label       =   {LDA.py}
  ]{./code/LDA.py}
  

16、latex References are cited

Reference resources LaTeX skill 873： Use BibTeX Generate a list of references

bibtex Processing flow （ Depend on xelatex Generated aux file ）：

%name.bib
@mastersthesis{123a,
  title={ Research on voiceprint recognition algorithm based on deep learning },
  author={ Guo Minghan },
  year={2020},
  school={ Jilin University }
}

%document.tex
\documentclass{article}
\bibliographystyle{plain}

\begin{document}
    1231\cite{123a}
    \bibliography{name}
\end{document}

stay overleaf It's normal on the screen （ Can't display Chinese ）, But in winEdt Compile time problems ：

1） problem 1：\citation,\bibstyle,\bibdata not found

I found no \citation commands---while reading file voiceRecognition.aux
I found no \bibdata command---while reading file voiceRecognition.aux
I found no
\bibstyle command---while reading file voiceRecognition.aux
---
I found no \citation commands I found no \bibdata command I found no
\bibstyle command

The main reason is that two tags are not introduced \bibliographystyle,bibliography, These two labels will be BibTex Compile separately become \bibstyle,\bibdata, write in aux file .

%name.bib
\bibliography{name}
\bibliographystyle{plain}

But with it , according to latex >> bibtex >> latex >> latex Compile order of , It still doesn't work

Online said , hold aux,bbl Wait until the intermediate generation file is deleted and then run , Reference resources latex error Ifound no \bibdata command-while~ I found no \bibstyle comman-, But it didn't work .

2） problem 2：pdf Content ,reference Display exception

%name.bib
@mastersthesis{123a,
  title={ Research on voiceprint recognition algorithm based on deep learning },
  author={ Guo Minghan },
  year={2020},
  school={ Jilin University }
}

@article{ren2015faster,
  title={Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks},
  author={Ren, Shaoqing and He, Kaiming and Girshick, Ross and Sun, Jian},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.01497},
  year={2015}
}


%document.tex
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
    \include{tex/chapter1}
    wang\cite{123a}
    faster-rcnn\cite{ren2015faster}
    \bibliographystyle{alpha}
    \bibliography{name}
\end{document}

bibtex Can recognize aux file ：

pdf The content cannot be displayed normally （ The compilation order is ：pdflatex >> bibtex >> pdflatex >> pdflatex, I guess the main reason is qbook Class not recognized ）

References show that there are also problems , Can't show Chinese .

3） see log file , Prompt with biber replace bibtex

Package biblatex Warning: Please (re)run Biber on the file:
(biblatex)                voiceRecognition
(biblatex)                and rerun LaTeX afterwards.

4） Final solution ： Use biber.exe（*****）

Reference resources Biblatex with Biber: Configuring my editor to avoid undefined citations(https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/154751/biblatex-with-biber-configuring-my-editor-to-avoid-undefined-citations/154755#154755) that will do .

Mainly take bibtex Compilation of bibtex.exe Modified into biber.exe（ The specific location of the document is eveything Search for ）

Compile order ：pdflatex >> bibtex >> pdflatex >> pdflatex

/>

%\documentclass{article}
%\begin{document}
%    \include{tex/chapter1}
%    
%\end{document}

%# -*- coding: utf-8-unix -*-
%======================================================================
% qbook.tex for Qbook Template
%======================================================================
%  Two sided printing 
\documentclass{qbook}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{name,bib/qbook.bib}
\usepackage[colorlinks,linkcolor=red,anchorcolor=blue,citecolor=green]{hyperref}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand*{\circled}[1]{\lower.7ex\hbox{\tikz\draw (0pt, 0pt)%
    circle (.5em) node {\makebox[1em][c]{\small #1}};}}
\robustify{\circled}
\mbox{}\rlap{\rule{.7\linewidth}{.4pt}}%
\addbibresource{bib/qbook.bib}  %  Import reference database 
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\include{tex/cover}  %  Load cover 
\begin{center}
	\Large{\sffamily\bfseries\heiti Version 2.00} \\ \vspace{2em}
	\Large{\sffamily\bfseries\heiti  Compile date : \today} \\ \vspace{1em}
	\Large{\sffamily\bfseries\heiti  Please send any suggestions and error messages to email } \\
	\texttt{[email protected]}
\end{center}
\vfill
\vspace{30em}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{ccc}
	\includegraphics{figure/by-nc.eps}
	& \begin{minipage}[b]{0.6\textwidth}
		\small\sffamily
		 This work adopts knowledge sharing   A signature - Noncommercial use  4.0  The international   License agreement to license .  visit \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/  } View the license agreement .
	\end{minipage}
\end{tabular*}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\frontmatter  %  Use Roman numerals as page numbers for preface and overview 
\pagestyle{empty}
\include{tex/preface}
\pagestyle{empty}
\tableofcontents
\cleardoublepage
\include{tex/overview}
\mainmatter	  %  Use Arabic numerals as page numbers for the text 
%======================================================================
%  Text content 
\pagestyle{fancy}
\setcounter{page}{0}
\include{tex/chapter1}
\include{tex/chapter2}
\include{tex/chapter3}
\include{tex/chapter4}
\include{tex/chapter5}
%\include{tex/chapter6}
%\include{tex/chapter7}
%\include{tex/chapter8}
%\include{tex/chapter9}
%\include{tex/chapter10}
\backmatter	
%======================================================================
%  Print references 
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
    wang\cite{123a}
    faster-rcnn\cite{ren2015faster}
\makeatletter
\makeatother
\end{document}

5） Chinese references are garbled

resolvent ： modify .bib The file encoding format is utf-8,bibtex Three important sentences are as follows ：

\bibliographystyle{plain} % Set reference style 
\bibliography{name,bib/qbook.bib}  % Introduce references .bib
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc] % Print references （ Only those with references will be printed ）

6）CNKI nothing Bibtex Document export format

Reference resources How to use BibTeX Cite Chinese references ？ - Vopaaz Answer - You know

• 1、 stay Python Download and install on the official website Python
• 2、 stay Python Enter in the root directory script Folder , function cmd, perform “pip install cnki2bib”, You can install this small application exe Program
• 3、 take cnki2bib Set to on .net Default procedure for suffix references
• 4、 open .net Suffixed references can be generated .bib References to

7） Reference material

biber and bibtex The difference between ！！

• LaTeX skill 873： Use BibTeX Generate a list of references
• Latext Add references in batches , utilize bibtex Make reference layout
• BiBTeX, biber citation! no citation commands error in LaTeX, MiKTeX, TexMaker, TeXWorks
• Biblatex with Biber: Configuring my editor to avoid undefined citations(https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/154751/biblatex-with-biber-configuring-my-editor-to-avoid-undefined-citations/154755#154755)
• biblatex Macro package uses backend bibtex and biber The difference between
• How to use BibTeX Cite Chinese references ？ - Vopaaz Answer - You know

6、 ... and 、 Problem summary

1、 If tex The file reported an error during compilation , however But it can generate and update pdf file , You can ignore this error report .

2、 Be careful ,latexmk The default is to use pdflatex compile . If you want to use Chinese, be sure to set Encoded as UTF8, Otherwise, it cannot be compiled successfully . If you want to change xelatex, You need to add -xelatex.

3、winedt Cannot be opened tex file ：WinEdt 6 ( Abreast of the times CTeX 2.9.2.164 Matching version ) The default in accordance with the ANSI Code on .tex file , So you need to make it open UTF8 Coded .tex file . Reference resources WinEdt Cannot be opened .tex The solution of the document

4、pdflatex Can't identify .eps File format , Garbled ： Reference resources CTex Load in EPS The problem with the picture ——pdflatex Can't identify .eps File format

terms of settlement ：

• Law 1、 Can be eps The file is converted to pdf picture , or jpg,jpeg picture , or png picture ..∵pdflatex Only know this 4 There are three formats of pictures .
• Law 2、 Use latex Convert to dvi Format , Then through the program will dvi Convert to pdf, There are two ways , All through DOS Command line ：

5、Latex Use

• 1、latex,tex,xelatex,pdflatex,latexmk The difference between （ Don't study what to compile , Just use it ）
• 2、latex Sub file compilation
• 3、vscode To write latex Plug in for
• 4、 Why some latex project （ctex） Can't compile , Always reporting mistakes

6、 It is not recommended to use \input,\include Nested with tikz Of .tex file , Easy to compile errors （ It is likely to change the original code format , Want to restore the original compilation , You will also report mistakes. ）.

• \documentclass{standalone} and \documentclass{book} Conflict

• pdfTexify from compile 1 The next change is 3 Time , Now I Leave only tex Master file See if you can change bug, It turns out that bug It's not solved , In the end Compilation failed （700 individual error）, There is a coding format conversion that I haven't seen before ：gbk2uni. The solution is to download the template again , Paste and copy the source code （ The main reason is xxx.cls The file cannot be deleted , Lord tex You will not find the style latex Of cls Document instructions ）.
  

• All in all , Using templates is the most convenient thing ！！！ Using templates is the most convenient thing ！！！ Using templates is the most convenient thing ！！！