What is the difference between gateway address and IP address in tcp/ip protocol?

Reference article
Reference article

difference ：IP Address means Internet protocol address , yes IP A uniform address format provided by the protocol , It assigns a logical address to every network and host on the Internet ; The gateway is a network connected to another network “ Gateway ”, In essence, it is a network that leads to other networks IP Address , This is it ip Internet access exit of address .

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gateway IP Address and IP The difference in address

gateway , Everybody knows , From one room to another , It must pass through a door . Again , Send messages from one network to another , You have to go through one “ Gateway ”, This gateway is the gateway . seeing the name of a thing one thinks of its function , gateway (Gateway) It's when one network connects to another “ Gateway ”.

According to different classification standards , There are also many kinds of gateways .TCP/IP The gateway in the protocol is the most commonly used , What we're talking about here is “ gateway ” Mean TCP/IP Gateway under the protocol . So what is a gateway ？

Gateway is essentially a network to other networks IP Address .
Like the Internet A And the Internet B,
The Internet A Of IP Address range is “192.168.1.1~192. 168.1.254”, The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0;
The Internet B Of IP Address range is “192.168.2.1~192.168.2.254”, The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

Without a router , There's no way between two networks TCP/IP communication , Even if two networks are connected to the same switch ( Or hubs ) On ,TCP/IP The protocol will also be based on the subnet mask (255.255.255.0) Determine that the hosts in two networks are in different networks . and To achieve communication between the two networks , You have to go through the gateway . If the Internet A The host in found that the destination host of the packet is not in the local network , Just forward the packet to its own gateway , And then the gateway forwards it to the network B Gateway for , The Internet B And then forward it to the network B Some host of . The Internet B To the Internet A The process of forwarding packets . So , Only with the gateway set up IP Address ,TCP/IP Protocol can realize the communication between different networks . So this IP What machine's address is IP The address? ？

The relationship between gateway and router ： The gateway IP Address is a device with routing function IP Address , Devices with routing capabilities have routers 、 Server with routing protocol enabled ( It's essentially a router )、 proxy server ( It's also like a router ).

Router （Router）： Used to connect multiple logically separate networks , It's a network device responsible for pathfinding , Provide the best communication path for users

Router function ： Use the routing table to select the path for data transmission , The routing table contains a list of network addresses and the distances between them , Router Use the routing table to find the correct path of the packet from the current location to the destination address .

ip The relationship between address and gateway ： Gateway generally refers to the address of the router ,IP The address is the address of the computer on the network .ip The relationship between address and gateway is ： The gateway address is automatically divided into multiple through the router IP Address ; The gateway address is always the same as that of your computer IP The address is of the same network segment .

The default gateway , The exit selected by default for the packet ！ Usually your router address .

What is? IP Address ？ So-called IP The address is given to each connection at Internet One assigned by the host on 32bit Address . according to TCP/IP（Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, Transmission control protocol /Internet agreement ） Provisions of the agreement ,IP The address is expressed in binary , Every IP Long address 32bit, Bits are converted into bytes , Namely 4 Bytes . For example, a binary form IP The address is “00001010000000000000000000000001”, Such a long address , It's hard for people to deal with it . For the convenience of people ,IP Addresses are often written in decimal form , Use the symbol in the middle “.” Separate different bytes . therefore , above IP The address can be expressed as “10.0.0.1”.IP This representation of address is called “ Dotted decimal notation ”, It's obviously better than 1 and 0 It's much easier to remember . Some people would think that , A computer can only have one IP Address , This view is wrong . We can specify that a computer has multiple IP Address , So when accessing the Internet , Don't think of one IP An address is a computer ; in addition , Through specific technology , Multiple servers can also share one IP Address , These servers look like a host to users .

stay win Operating system ,win+r open “ function ” window , Input “cmd”, open cmd Command window ; stay cmd Window input command ：" ipconfigl" enter , You can see the settings of your computer IP And gateway