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1.13 - RISC/CISC
2022-07-05 05:44:00 【是李黏黏鸭】
目录
一、CISC:复杂指令集计算机
1、思想
- 进一步增强原有指令的功能;
- 用更为复杂的新指令去取代原先的软件的子程序,来完成对应的功能;
- 从而实现软件功能硬件化;
2、指令的特点
- 数量 多;
- 使用频率差别 大;(常用功能的指令频率就会高一些;)
- 可变长格式;(每个功能用到的指令的数量不一样,所以不可能用固定长度的二进制数序列就能实现这些功能,所以指令是课表长格式;)
3、寻址方式
- 支持多种;
4、实现方式
- 微程序控制技术;
二、RISC:精简指令集计算机
1、思想
- 通过减少指令的总数,去解放指令的功能;
- 从而降低计算机硬件设计的复杂度;
- 使指令能够在单周期内执行;
- 以通过人为的优化,提高指令的执行速度;
- 所以采用了硬布线逻辑;
2、指令的特点
- 数量 少;
- 使用频率接近;(因为基本都是单周期使用的;)
- 定长格式;
- 大部分为单周期指令;
- 操作寄存器;
- 只有Load/Store操作内存;
3、寻址方式
- 支持方式少;
4、实现方式
- 增加了通用寄存器;
- 硬布线逻辑控制为主;
- 采用流水线;
5、其他
- 优化编译,有效支持高级语言;
三、RISC/CISC比较图(考点速记)

四、考点1:RISC/CISC的特点

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