[English] Grammar remodeling: the core framework of English Learning -- English rabbit learning notes (1)

         This article is about learning notes of English rabbit , It aims to reshape English grammar from a new perspective , Well, no more nonsense , We go straight to the subject , Start with the overview of English grammatical framework ：

Split

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A simple sentence （Simple Sentence）

         Dismantle to the thinnest 【 A simple sentence 】, The core concept is 【 what + What about? 】, and what and What about? Corresponding to two key 【 Sentence elements (Clause Elements)】 , namely —— 【 The subject (subject) 】+ 【 Predicate (predicate)】 —— let me put it another way , Almost all sentence structures are split into the lowest logic that cannot be split , All are 【 The subject (subject) 】+ 【 Predicate (predicate)】

• Simple sentence components
  • The subject （ people / matter ）
  • Predicate （ action （ It's the verb verbs）/ What is going on? ）
    • Verbs Yes ：
      • intransitive verb （ Actions that can be done independently , There is no receiver behind ）, Such as ： Papa Rabbit sleeps. Such a scene is Lord + Predicate action ( intransitive verb )
      • transitive verb
        • A transitive verb monotransitive verbs（ Yes  1 The bearers of actions , The receiver is the so-called object , Such as ,Papa Rabbit likes you. Such a scene is Lord + Predicate action ( A transitive verb )+ Bin ）
        • Ditransitive verbs ditransitive verbs（ Yes 2 An action bearer , Direct object direct object and Indirect object indirect object）, Such as ：Papa Rabbit teaches you( Indirect object )English( Direct object ), Such a scene is Lord + Predicate verb ditransitive verb ) + Indirect object + Direct object
        • Complex transitive verbs complex-transitive vervs（ Yes 1 An action bearer , But supplementary descriptions are needed It sounds complete ）, Such as Papa Rabbit considers( Reply to ) you( The object ) smart( This supplementary adjective is , Object complement , Without this adjective, I don't know this sentence considers What ), Such a scene is Lord + Predicate action ( Reply to ) + Bin + Bingbu
      • Conjunctions linking verbs（ Not “ action ”, That's all “ action ” Just one. 【 Logically completed actions 】, It's a giving relationship , Because it is giving relationship , So it has no bearers other than itself .） Such as ：Papa Rabbit is tall. （ there be Verb is Its function is like that of tall Assign a value to Papa Rabbit equally , indicate Papa Rabbit high ）, Or say Papa Rabbit looks tall. / Papa Rabbit smells nice. Then the bearers here who have no one else but themselves are The subject , And the descriptive content with an equal sign on the back The complement of the subject , Also known as An expression predicative（ Because it is the final expression of the subject ）, Such a scene is Lord + Predicate action ( Is a verb ) + ( The subject ) Complement / An expression

        

         The above split summary of simple sentences , The result is Five key basic sentence patterns , They are like gold, wood, water, fire and earth , Like the beginning of everything , It can be continuously spliced and developed , It forms all kinds of complicated sentences with luxuriant branches and leaves , But these complex sentences are inseparable from the five basic sentence patterns ：

• Lord + Predicate action ( Intransitivity Verb )
• Lord + Predicate action ( Transitivity Verb ) + Bin
• Lord + Predicate action ( Ditransitive Verb ) + Indirect object + Direct object
• Lord + Predicate action ( Complex transitivity Verb ) + Bin + Bingbu
• Lord + Predicate action ( system Verb ) + ( The subject ) Complement / An expression

Be careful ： The predicate verb is different from the predicate , Strictly speaking , The sentences after the subject belong to the predicate . The predicate verb is only part of the predicate

Found no ？ Listen to their essence is Play with verbs as well as Verb Several objects are needed to express The sentence .

With the basic concepts above , Let's continue to talk about the subdivisions of the subject and predicate

• Attributive ： Attributive , You can understand it as a Definition The content of the subject and object , It passes through Active adjective definition , Make these two objects Positioning is more obvious , Such as ：The little white rabbit ate a large carrot. ( there The little white Namely The subject rabbit Of Attributive , and large It is The object carrot Of Attributive )

• adverbial ： that , With attributives, we modify the subject and object , that The predicate verb Who will decorate it ？ The answer is adverbial , Hearing the name, you can imagine , Its function is to Make the predicate verb stronger , More plump .( That is what we call adverbs ), Such as The rabbit ate quickly. there quickly Namely ate The adverbial of .

• appositive ： Mainly used to put The subject or The object Say it again , Generally play Immediately supplementary “ Background description ” or “ Explain the details ” effect , Such as Papa Rabbit , an English teacher , eats carrots. Here after the comma an English teacher Namely Papa Rabbit The apposition of

Then let's make a summary of these two key sentence components ：

       

          The main components of the sentence are as follows ： The subject 、 The predicate verb 、 The object 、 Object complement 、 Subject complement 、 Attributive 、 adverbial 、 appositive .（ Add ： You may have heard the parenthesis , But parentheses are independent sentences , Not as a subdivision of the whole sentence , Such as This carrot, I think[ Parenthesis ], is very tasty. ）

• The subject
  • Complement （ Subject complement ）
  • appositive
  • Attributive （ It is divided into decoration The subject Of Attributives and modifiers The object The attribute of ）
• Predicate
  • The predicate verb
    • adverbial （ modification The predicate verb ）
  • The object
    • Complement （ Object complement ）
    • appositive
• Attributive （ It is divided into decoration The subject Of Attributives and modifiers The object The attribute of ）

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         Until this dividing line summarizes all “ It can't be disassembled anymore ” A simple sentence , Like the origin of everything , It's everything complex (compound) and Reunite with (complex) The starting point of the sentence . Next, let's talk about the differences between these two kinds of sentences .

• Compound sentence (compound sentence)： Combine multiple sentences , Belong to juxtaposition .

• complex sentence (complex sentence):  Put one sentence in another , Subordination , This kind of sentence of dolls , That's what we often hear clause .

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         To put it bluntly , Is to modify a simple sentence , To act as a part of another sentence （ Sentence elements ）, as follows ：

     The two complex sentences briefly introduced above , It is derived from simple sentences . Now we will receive the simple sentence again , Here is another point to pay attention to , I wonder if you find ？ It's a sentence of the same sentence pattern , It contains Word quantity And word The representation It seems different . take Lord + The predicate verb + Bin give an example , as follows ：

         So why is this ？ This is actually part of speech （ Also called part of speech ） The result of , It's like you have mastered the blueprint of the house （ Sentence pattern ）, But you need different colors The brick and ceramic tile To modify Make the house （ The sentence ） more beautiful And the reality Isn't it ？ Such a part of speech （ part of speech ） There are the following Ten parts of speech ： Verb 、 Noun 、 Article 、 pronouns 、 Adjective 、 numeral 、 adverb 、 Preposition 、 interjection 、 Conjunction

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OK , Look at the picture below

         Found no , Other sentence elements may contain different parts of speech , But the predicate verb , It can only be a verb . Why? ？ Because the predicate verb has a very powerful , And any other part of speech does not have the function , Namely Show what happened Time (Tense) and state (Aspect) And what you want to show with this verb Tone (Mood) .

         Although people often say tense , It's time + The combination name of the state , But something to be aware of ： Time and state It's two concepts , This should be clear in your mind , Let's start with tense

• Time It is divided into ： Now? 、 In the past 、 future 、 Past and future （ That is, looking at the future from the perspective of the past ）
• state It is divided into ： commonly 、 complete 、 Conduct 、 Complete proceed

         so , There are four kinds of time and state , Then combine them freely , Forty six , It can be seen that theoretically there will be at most 16 Three tenses .

Let's talk about the tone , The mood here refers to the mood of grammar , Not the tone of voice in life , such as ：

• subjunctive ： Express will or Assumptions contrary to the facts, etc
  •  If I were a rabbit .... If I were a rabbit （ What will happen to me ...）

         Mentioned earlier , The predicate verb is very important , Now add one more sentence , Although the predicate verb is important , But it is In itself , It cannot be completed independently The three states mentioned above as well as Some other States （ Show No , possibility , Necessity ） wait , It must be assisted by one thing , To achieve these effects , And this magical thing is —— 【 auxiliary verb Auxiliary Verbs】, Let's see how he came “ assist ” The predicate verb （ Take the predicate verb eat As an example of assistance ）：

        

         So much for that , Basically, it is all about a key gentleman —— Of the predicate verb . Have you ever thought about ？ Why add a predicate in front ？ In fact, it is to locate its key role in the sentence , Then since there is a predicate verb , Then there must be other verbs that are not predicate verbs , Such words are collectively referred to as 【 A non predicate verb 】, Theoretically, non finite verbs can replace almost all clauses （ Can be regarded as " changes " The predicate verb after ）, So as to simplify the sentence .

Such a non finite verb , There is no tense 、 Tone 、 Status and other functions , They have appeared in different forms in sentences , Such as ：

overlooking

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         So much for that , Have never left the verb , I didn't do it. What I have to say here is Verb —— And is the core of English grammar , Let's take a look at the whole English grammar around the core framework of verbs ：

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         Chapter one: the end of the play ： A final reminder , The framework is only macro , Grammar can only summarize the vast majority , Don't learn English with a framed heart , But with the framework as the foundation of the vast majority to constantly consolidate their English ability .

Summary

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      Screwdriver I always feel that I haven't laid a solid foundation for English grammar （ It's also a problem that I haven't scratched the question for too long and gradually forget it ...） , I happened to see the grammar video of English rabbit at Xiaopo station , Overall, I think the quality is ok , So this time I made up my mind to finish what I wanted to do but didn't do , Plan to fill the previous pit at one time , And this article is also a note for English rabbit grammar learning , The follow-up will be based on the learning of each episode , Make corresponding notes , Children's shoes with the same aspirations are also welcome to study and discuss , The video learning path corresponding to this note ：  A collection of English grammar ( comprehensive , popular , Interesting | Build a systematic grammar system from zero )

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