[written to the person who first published the paper] common problems in writing comprehensive scientific and Technological Papers

Preface

The paper , Especially the research papers in scientific journals , Setting questions is very important . If the whole discussion goes down , There is no clear theme , Then the discussion will become vague and superficial , It will make people feel “ There is no value 、 Not worth studying ”. actually , The author did not take the problem into account in his discussion （ The theme ） Describe clearly , Didn't catch the essence of the problem , Thus, it does not reflect the urgency and importance of solving the problem , Sometimes it is the angle and height of understanding problems , Sometimes it is to provide arguments “ typical ” Insufficient . All in all , The article should make people fully understand the importance of the questions raised , To arouse readers' interest in further research with the author . Facing the problem is too broad and broad , Discuss the East and West , Obscure language, obscure articles , Because the argument is not prominent 、 The theme is loose and the meaning is incomplete , Lost the ease of the paper , namely   Make some scientific value , It will also greatly reduce the quality of the article .

1  common problem

1.1  Topic selection

Topics often include

The topic is too large

or

The title doesn't match

.

The topic is too large

Refer to

The scope covered by the title of the paper is too large , Study problems from multiple angles 、 To be comprehensive , But writing an article does not necessarily require comprehensiveness , Don't give up in pursuit of perfection , You can limit the conditions , Go deep into a certain aspect or angle , Reveal laws or discover new phenomena

. example   Such as ：“ Overview of the development of Beidou satellite navigation system ” The title of this review paper is too large , This navigation system has followed the global positioning system of the United States （GPS）、 Russian GLONASS satellite navigation system （GLONASS） After that, the third mature satellite navigation system , Many scholars at home and abroad have written relevant articles and analyzed the practical problems and future development of navigation system in a limited space 、 It is difficult to discuss the Countermeasures after description and induction . Generally, the review articles with large titles are all inclusive , piece   The amplitude is longer , But every part is general , Does not reflect the review paper   Of “ new ” effect , Make the content of the article nothing new .

The title doesn't match

Refers to the text

The title of the chapter is inconsistent with the main idea of the content , This kind of article usually has a large title and small content or a small title and large content

. Big title and small content means that the title is big , But the content of the article only writes a part of it , This kind of article can be corrected by modifying the title   just . There are also small topics and large contents , The title of the article is very specific , The scope of writing is relatively clear , But the author mentions the pen, but the sea is vast , And the title of the article   All the slightly related contents are written in , Such a review paper is long , The content is miscellaneous , The subject is not clear , I don't know what to say after watching . Generally, the text of such papers should be deleted according to the title , Remove the side branches , To highlight the key points of the article .

1.2  Abstract

The abstract is the summary of the full text , It mainly covers four aspects ：

• (1)  The general answer is why I wrote this article ,  Any research is purposeful ,  Are to solve some specific problems , In other words, the significance of research ,  General review articles can make this very clear .

• (2)  To solve this problem ,  What work did you do , What method was used 、 Using tools 、 Different test schemes not only determine the credibility of the later results , It is also the innovation of the research . This is what the author often lacks ,  The author just lists the views of all parties .

• (3)  What results can be obtained by discussing the article ? This is what most abstracts lack ,  But more often “ There is nothing in the article ” New idea , No new results have been obtained , This is also a key point to judge the level of the paper .

• (4)  What did the results prove ? Or what value ? This is generally not lacking , It is often used instead of the result . But the problem is , The nature of this part is not well understood , Will affect the value of research . The conclusion is a summary of the study ,  The purpose of generalization is to improve and elevate the research results , It reflects the value and significance of the research . In order to fully reflect the value of the research results , It is often possible to add some application prospects of ductility or the direction of further research .

1.3  Text

Some review scientific papers , The author consulted a lot of literature when writing the article , And these documents are summarized and classified according to a certain logical relationship . In the process of writing , The author only lists the relevant literature together , Repeat the contents of the literature , And lack of their own views and Analysis . for example ：“ Overview of the development of Beidou satellite navigation system ” This paper introduces “ Beidou generation 、 The development process of Beidou II satellite ”“ Application of Beidou satellite navigation system in navigation field and flood control and disaster reduction ” as well as “ Advantages of navigation system ” Other aspects ,  The whole article does not have the reviewer's own analysis 、 To sum up , Write the review paper into a pile of different arguments , namely

Comprehensive without description

.

Not comprehensive

It refers to when the author expounds his own views and opinions , Ignoring the objective basis supporting these views and opinions , Write the summary into a knowledge lecture , To give “ Water without source ” General impression of empty talk . It mainly appears in the review papers of professional degree postgraduates , Most of these authors have worked in professional skills for many years , Have certain professional knowledge and theoretical basis , With many years of professional work experience , It's easy to write a research overview of a field you're familiar with , The language expression of the article is relatively smooth , The disadvantage is that most of the articles are the author's own views and understanding , There is a lack of knowledge in the published literature 、 data 、 The facts 、 Phenomenon and other literature to illustrate or support .

2  The cause of the problem

2.1  Lack of writing experience

Review paper writer ,  You should read more authoritative journals in this field and review papers published by experts and scholars ,  Or consult experts, scholars and mentors ,  To learn more . To collect evidence 、 Look for theories ,  Multiple records review the views of all parties in the paper ,  This will not only deepen the study of professional knowledge ,  You can also broaden your horizons ,  Increase awareness of the industry . Ask more ,  Accept the guidance of others ,  Multiple modifications ,  By constantly writing ,  In order to improve their writing ability .

2.2  Too few references

The main reason why the general summary paper is not well written is that there are too few professional knowledge materials ,  Not reading a lot of literature ,  It's hard to write a high-level review paper . An important prerequisite for writing a review paper is to consult a large number of relevant literature at home and abroad ,  And carefully read and understand these documents ,  Understanding is the basis of writing ,  Only on the basis of a lot of reading and understanding can we write good literature .

2.3  Interdisciplinary knowledge is limited

On the basis of mastering the main points of knowledge and relevant research of this major ,  Increase the understanding of relevant industry knowledge . The development of science makes adjacent or similar professional knowledge permeate each other ,  That is, the so-called interdisciplinary knowledge has been mastered more ,  Will broaden our thinking ,  It will enlighten the research methods and contents in this field .

2.4  The in-depth mastery of professional knowledge is not comprehensive

Professional knowledge is limited to the mature theory of scientific research in this industry ,  It belongs to the initial and intermediate stage of scientific research ,  I don't know much about higher-level theories and research results ,  The depth of professional knowledge is not enough . To write a meaningful review paper, you must read a lot of relevant literature ,  Through analysis and understanding ,  Truly and deeply understand the development status and existing problems of the industry ,  You can stand at the forefront of industry development ,  Understand and treat problems as experts and scholars ,  The summary written in this way will have new ideas ,  Enlighten readers .

3  How to write a review paper

3.1  The topic is appropriate

The topic should not be too big ,  If the topic is too big, it needs to describe a lot of content ,  If the content is too rich, we should not only find a large number of documents ,  Also increase the amount of reading 、 Make the finishing process more difficult ,  For a novice writer, the amount of information is too large to start ,  Care for this and lose that ; Moreover, it is difficult for all-round manuscripts to go deep ,  Often list the views of all parties together ,  Can't highlight the argument in the text . Practice has proved ,  Choose the appropriate topic of the review article, strong penetration ,  Easy to go deep ,  Especially for beginners, it is appropriate to write smaller topics ,  Start small ,  After accumulating experience, gradually write a wide range of topics . Besides ,  The title must also be commensurate with the content 、 Appropriate ,  Don't make a mountain out of a molehill or make a mountain out of a molehill ,  Let alone the inconsistency between the text and the title .

Good topics are clear at a glance ,  Look at the title to see the outline of the content . Big topic ,  The content is insufficient ,  It is bound to cause top heavy problems ; In turn, ,  The problem is small ,  More content ,  It is also necessary to commit the problem of inconsistency between name and reality . For starters ,  When choosing a topic, you must not aim too high ,  Choose the big questions and difficult problems ,  Topic selection must be realistic .

3.2  Consult recent literature ,  Excerpts from records

After the topic selection of the comprehensive scientific and technological paper is determined ,  Consult a large number of relevant materials at home and abroad according to the subject of the title . First, read through the checked data roughly ,  Then classify a large number of documents at home and abroad ,  Then carefully study and analyze the classified data ,  Choose forward-looking topics that are similar to the topics you write 、 Innovative articles ,  Take these articles as references for the writing of review papers . Modern science and technology have the characteristics of rapid development 、 Many achievements 、 The characteristics of large knowledge capacity ,  The effective use period of scientific and technological documents is becoming shorter and shorter . Therefore, the latest literature can reflect the current research level at home and abroad ,  When writing a summary academic paper ,  Generally, the references cited by the author are mainly recent 3~5 Experimental research literature published within the year ,  Moreover, the listed literature must have new ideas and discoveries . In daily work and study ,  Accumulate at any time ,  Make reading abstracts or notes ,  Find... When in standby ,  It can pick up the missing parts .

3.3  Learn to analyze and summarize

In writing, it is forbidden to list the views and conclusions in the references ,  No analysis 、 Sum up and refine ,  The summary academic papers are written into a pile of different viewpoints and conclusions . When writing a review academic paper, we should first pay attention to the comprehensiveness of the review ,  A large number of interrelated literatures will be collected and analyzed 、 inductive 、 summary ,  Abstract the viewpoints and research conclusions scattered in different papers ,  And sort it out according to certain ideas . From its current situation 、 Existing problems and development trend, etc ,  Put forward your own opinions on the basis of analysis and induction ,  Predict the future development trend of this field ,  Lay a good foundation for research topic selection and topic opening . A good summary academic paper ,  It can not only lay a solid theoretical foundation for the next experimental research and thesis writing ,  Improve the opportunity for some extension ,  And it can show the author's induction of existing research literature 、 Comprehensive ability to analyze and sort out integration . The author should carefully study the relevant literature ,  Writing should be from the perspective of experts ,  Research status of a certain field 、 level 、 Conditions, etc ,  Compare its advantages and disadvantages ,  Discuss its advantages and disadvantages ,  And make predictions ,  Make the article really play a guiding role in the development of the discipline .

reference

[1]  Li Mingna . Common problems in writing review scientific papers [J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Engineering ,2017,31(05):78-80.DOI:10.19352/j.cnki.issn1671-4679.2017.05.017.

[2]  Yang Xiaorong ． Examination of high-level summary cold articles   Cable [J].  Journal of University Library and Information Science , 2013, 31(2): 45-46.

[3]  Ireen , Tang Xihui ． Form selection and compilation of summary of review paper [J].  Advances in animal medicine , 1999, 20(4): 65-66.

[4]  Zhang Jingzhong ． A comparative study on the use characteristics of summary verbs in the introduction of foreign scholars' academic papers [D].  wuhan :  Huazhong University of science and technology , 2012.

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